Posterior arthrodesis and segmental instrumentation have been and still are the standard in surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. There are many types of interventions with multiple approaches, anterior, posterior, or combined anterior and posterior, but also multiple implants. Surgical treatment mainly consists of arthrodesis, and is indicated when the curves exceed 45–50 degrees. Treatment is guided by the severity of deformity and is intended to prevent further curve progression, re-establish trunk balance and symmetry, but also prevent long term complications (pain, loss of mobility, cardiac and pulmonary dysfunctions). In addition, curve progression was found to be larger before the pubertal growth spurt and for curves that exceed 30 degrees. The risk for curve progression is higher in girls, especially before the menses and for the ones with right thoracic and double curves, while boys with right lumbar curves have a greater risk of advancement. Even though physical activities are encouraged, rhythmic gymnastics, ballet or dance can be associated with idiopathic scoliosis. A correlation between developmental dysmorphism and scoliosis has been proven. The etiology of scoliosis is not well known and the risk factors associated with idiopathic scoliosis are unclear. It is regularly encountered in children older than 15 with a girls to boys ratio of 2:1. Scoliosis is one of the most frequent spine deformities encountered in children, ranging between 0.47% (Turkey) to 5.2% (Germany) for idiopathic scoliosis. Even though minor halo related complications are frequent, with proper patient monitoring they can be addressed, thus making traction a safe method for progressive curve correction. Neurological symptoms were present in 26.3% of the patients and pin pain and pin infection equally affected 26.3% of patients. It was followed by back pain, in 36.8% of the cases, with just 5.3% of the cases having experienced vertigo or pin displacement. Traction-related complications were encountered in 94.7% of patients, with the most frequent being cervical pain (89.5%). A single centre prospective study was conducted on 19 paediatric patients suffering from scoliosis that were admitted between 2019–2022. The purpose of this study is to assess the complications that arise during halo gravity traction and to evaluate the correction of the scoliotic curves under traction. Traction is a good orthopaedic technique of progressive deformity correction which attempts to minimize complications. Neurological complications consist of nerve root injuries, cauda equina or spinal cord deficit. Vertebral arthrodesis involves both short and long term complications. Scoliosis is one of the most frequent spine deformities encountered in children and is regularly discovered after 15 years of age with a girls to boys ratio of 2:1.
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